FOREWORD                                              6

DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS                7

MICROSCOPES                                        7

Lens Aberrations                                          7

The Simple Microscope                                8

The Simple Microscope Comparison            8

The Compound Microscope-Monocular     10

Compound Microscope Comparison          10

The Continental Style                                  12

Made in America                                        13

Origins of American Design                        13

American Originals                                     15

American Microscope Makers                   15

PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS                         16

PERCUSSION                                          16

THE PLEXIMETER                                  16

PERCUSSORS                                         18

REFLEX HAMMERS                               19

STETHOSCOPES                                    20

Monaurals                                                  21

Binaurals                                                    23

The Diaphragm Chest Piece                        25

Combination Stethoscpes                           27

Electrical Stethoscopes                               28

Monaural-Binaural Summary                      28

BLOOD PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS    29

The Sphygmograph                                    29

The Sphygmometer                                    30

The Sphygmomanometer                            31

Clock-Type Sphygmomanometers              34

Aneroid Sphygmomanometers                    35

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHS                  37

Electrodes                                                  40

OPHTHALMOSCOPES                           41

Reflecting Ophthalmoscopes                       41

Electric Ophthalmoscopes                          44

TONOMETERS                                        47

THE OTOSCOPE                                     49

Simple Specula                                           49

Bivalve Specula                                          49

Reflector Otoscopes                                   50

Light Reflectors                                          50

Head Mirrors                                             51

Electric Otoscopes                                     51

The Pneumatic Otoscope                            53

NASAL SPECULA                                   54

HEAD LAMPS                                         57

TONGUE DEPRESSORS                         58

ENDOSCOPES                                        61

The Laryngoscope                                      61

Direct Laryngoscopy Technique                  63

Bronchoscopes                                          64

The Gastroscope                                        65

VAGINAL SPECULA                              66

Cylindrical Specula                                     66

Valvular Specula                                        68

RECTAL INSTRUMENTS                       71

CATHETERS                                            74

THE CYSTOSCOPE                                75

THE SPIROMETER                                  78

THERMOMETERS                                   80

THE DOCTOR'S BAG                             83

Chests                                                        83

Cases                                                         84

Wallets                                                       85

Bags                                                         86

THERAPEUTIC INSTRUMENTS            87

FORCEPS                                                 88

Dressing Forceps                                       88

Splinter and Tissue                                     88

Artery Forceps                                           90

NEEDLE HOLDERS                                93

BULLET PROBES                                    95

BULLET EXTRACTORS                         96

OBSTETRICAL INSTRUMENTS OF

DESTRUCTION                                       99

Perforators                                                 99

Crotchets                                                 100

Blunt Hook                                              100

Lever                                                       100

Vectis                                                      100

Cephalotribes                                           100

Cranioclasts                                             100

OBSTETRICAL FORCEPS                    101

SCISSORS                                             105

SCALPELS                                             106

Bistouries                                                 111

Gum Lancet                                             112

Abscess Lancet                                        112

Tenotomes                                               112

BLOODLETTING INSTRUMENTS      113

Bleeding Bowls                                        114

Lancets                                                    114

Scalpel Lance!                                         115

Fleam                                                       115

Thumb Lancet                                          116

Spring Lance!                                           116

Cupping                                                   117

By Vacuum                                              118

By Aspiration                                           118

Dry vs. Wei Cupping                                118

Scarificators                                             119

Syringe-Cup Combinai tons                      119

The Mechanical (Artificial) Leech              119

Leeches                                                   120

Leech Containers                                     121

VACCINATION LANCETS                  122

AMPUTATION INSTRUMENTS          123

The Tourniquet                                         123

Amputation Knives                                   124

Amputation Saws                                     127

Caudery Irons                                          129

TREPANNING AND TREPANNING   130

The Trepan                                              131

The Trephine                                            131

Head Saws                                              132

Brushes                                                    134

Elevators                                                  134

Lenticulars                                                134

PRICE GUIDE                                        135

AMERICAN MEDICAL, DENTAL AND

APOTHECARY MUSEUMS                  138

INDEX                                                    145